Malignant Melanoma

Other than New Zealand, Australia has the highest rate of melanoma in the world. It is the second most common cancer in men and the third most common cancer in women, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers. One of the most concerning features of melanoma is its propensity to spread to other parts of the body, hence the urgency in identifying and treating it as early as possible. There are a number of different forms of melanoma and can appear as flat, brown or black mark, a raised nodule or lump on the skin or as a fleck or line of colour on the palm, sole or under the nail. It may lack colour, appearing pink or flesh toned. It can appear anywhere on the body, arising de novo (in previously unmarked skin) or within a pre-existing mole. Ultra-violet radiation is the major risk factor for the development of melanoma but other factors include a fair skin type, light coloured eyes, red or blonde hair, multiple dysplastic naevi and a family history of melanoma.

Treatment options for melanoma depend on its thickness and whether or not it has spread to surrounding lymph glands or other organs. After diagnosis, early or thin melanoma is generally treated by a GP or dermatologist using surgery, whereas more advanced melanoma may be referred to a general surgeon or oncologist for surgery with sampling or removal of lymph nodes, targeted, immuno- or radiation therapy.